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Unemployment in the Czech Republic
Klečka, Michal ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This paper is aimed at analysis of unemployment in the Czech regions. The key thing is the effort to create a simple model which determinates unemployment in regions. To this, three basic factors are used - inflation, outcome and criminality as they represent fiscal, monetary and social policies. Firstly, the effects of these factors are tested separately by OLS to find their mutual correlation. The average effects of dependence between factors and unemployment in regions are also established by using panel regression. Original and static Phillip's curves are used to measure the impact of level of unemployment on the inflation. The expanded model of Phillip's curve and the dynamic model of natural level of unemployment are used to estimate natural levels of unemployment in regions. The difference version of Okun's law is used to estimate the impact of economy outcome on the level of unemployment. Subsequently, the extended model of Okun's law is used to distinguish the effect of economic cycle on this impact. Correlation of level of unemployment with criminality is measured by simple model, where the change of the first variable is determined by the change of the second variable. All this knowledge is used to create the complex model, which explains the change of the level of unemployment in...
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Okun's Law and Social Expenditure
Batíková, Marta ; Hanus, Luboš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis analyses Okun's law and its cross-country differences based on social expenditures. To estimate the law in time, Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimation is employed, which has not been applied to Okun's law in any previous study. Thus, to assess the robustness of the model, the statistical testing of hypotheses is used to evaluate the time-varying coefficients. The analysis is executed on OECD countries between 1995 and 2019, and the results are mainly in line with the previous literature. Periods with higher GDP growth and lower unemployment rates, on average, tend to have higher Okun's coefficients. Moreover, cross-country comparison reports the tendency of countries with, on average lower unemployment spending and higher GDP per capita to exhibit higher Okun's coefficients.
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Econometric analysis of unemployment in Czech republic
Melnyk, Anastasiia ; Formánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sokol, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of unemployment in general, and in the practical part concretely - unemployment rate in the Czech Republic and Austria. Firstly, the thesis examines the theory of general concepts for getting acquainted with unemployment in an open economy, then explains different types of unemployment and the factors that cause them. Separately describes Okun's law and introduces the regression equation, which will be verified later on empirical data. Next, it will introduce to us selected econometric methods of unemployment analysis, primarily focusing on the problems of time series, with which it will work in the practical part. Particularly, it will describe general terms in econometrics, techniques of estimation of parameters for regression equation, decomposition of time series and their characteristics, use of dummy variables in econometric modeling, econometric and statistical verification of model. In the practical part empirical analysis and evaluation of the results are going to be performed - firstly, decomposition of time series and proper seasonal adjustment.,then test of time series for unit root and subsequently differentiation for detrending. As a hypothesis, some of the factors described in the theoretical part will be selected:: citizens' level of education, minimum wage, global crisis of 2008, intervention of CNB, and GDP (based on Okun's law). Regression of unemployment rate on individual factors will be run, the model also will be gradually expanded by other variables and will be tested for the unit root and heteroskedasticity. Estimates using the Generalized Least Squares method will be compared to the OLS estimates. Thesis will be summarized by conclusion of the empirical analysis.
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Unemployment in the Czech Republic
Klečka, Michal ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jan (referee)
This paper is aimed at analysis of unemployment in the Czech regions. The key thing is the effort to create a simple model which determinates unemployment in regions. To this, three basic factors are used - inflation, outcome and criminality as they represent fiscal, monetary and social policies. Firstly, the effects of these factors are tested separately by OLS to find their mutual correlation. The average effects of dependence between factors and unemployment in regions are also established by using panel regression. Original and static Phillip's curves are used to measure the impact of level of unemployment on the inflation. The expanded model of Phillip's curve and the dynamic model of natural level of unemployment are used to estimate natural levels of unemployment in regions. The difference version of Okun's law is used to estimate the impact of economy outcome on the level of unemployment. Subsequently, the extended model of Okun's law is used to distinguish the effect of economic cycle on this impact. Correlation of level of unemployment with criminality is measured by simple model, where the change of the first variable is determined by the change of the second variable. All this knowledge is used to create the complex model, which explains the change of the level of unemployment in...
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Comparison of the labor market in the Czech Republic and Catalonia
Dědová, Markéta ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Dudáková, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of the labor market of the Czech Republic and Catalonia. In the introductory part I will present the two countries using comparison of the basic labor market indicators of both countries, where attention is paid to the role of the European Union's and the Eurozone's impact on the labor market in both countries.First, I will focus on the analysis of development of unemployment according to education, where I will pay attencion to the connection between unemployment and educational attainment, which proceeds from the assumption, that with rising qualification the unemployment rate of the group should decline. Then I decided to analyze the labor market with the use of economic instruments, which are using one of the the components of the labor market, unemloyment, as a variable. That is the Okun's Law, the Phillip's curve and the Beveridge's curve, when at created graphs I will confirm or disprove given assumptions. In the final part I will create econometric models to help examine the interdependence of variables and I shall evaluate the validity of the Phillip's curve and the Beveridge's curve.
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What is the Predicative Ability for Unemployment Rate of Different Methodologies for Output Gap Estimation?
Holá, Martina ; Kubíček, Jan (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis is dedicated to the calculation of the estimation of output gap by three estimating techniques (Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filtering, and Cobb-Douglas production function) for the Czech Republic during the years 1995-2009, and, consequently, to their usefulness for testing the Okun's law as a suitable predicative tool. In other words, which of the mentioned methods is the most appropriate one for an accurate prediction of the rate of unemployment. To achieve this, the Box-Jenkins methodology is used for modelling and designing the cyclical unemployment forecasts and dynamic version of the Okun's law. The results indicate that, for the given period, there is relatively strong and unstable relationship between changes in output gap and changes in cyclical unemployment in the Czech Republic. The most suitable technique for the estimating of the future development of unemployment gap seems to be the Cobb-Douglas production function approach. This is namely based on the quantity of gained forecast errors and Granger causality.
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